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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Clinical services were severely affected globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the clinical experience of using botulinum toxin (BTX) injections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This is a retrospective chart review of patients who received BTX injections from April 2019 to January 2022. Result(s): A total of 105 patients received an BTX injections, out of which 76 (72.4%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 47.9 +/- 15.1 years. The most common indication for receiving BTX injections was dystonia (n = 79;75.2%), followed by hemifacial spasm (n = 22;21%) and miscellaneous movement disorders (n = 4;3.8%). Focal dystonia (n = 45;57%) was the most frequent form of dystonia, followed by segmental dystonia (n = 24;30%). The percentage of generalized dystonia and hemidystonia was 12% and 1%, respectively. Cervical dystonia (44.4%), blepharospasm (17.8%), and writer's cramp (15.6%) were the most frequent forms of focal dystonia. The miscellaneous group included four patients (3.8%) with trigeminal neuralgia, Holmes tremor, dystonic tics, and hemimasticatory spasm. The mean ages of patients in the dystonia, hemifacial spasm, and the miscellaneous groups were 47.7 +/- 14.9 years, 49.2 +/- 14.0 years, and 44.2 +/- 26.0 years, respectively. The mean BTX dose was 131.6 +/- 104.1 U. The mean BTX doses for the dystonia group, hemifacial spasm, and the miscellaneous group were 158.7 +/- 105.3 U, 40.1 +/- 11.3 U, and 100.0 +/- 70.7 U, respectively. Conclusion(s): Most patients in our cohort had dystonia, followed by hemifacial spasm. Among the patients with dystonia, most had focal dystonia, with cervical dystonia being the most common movement disorder. The data obtained in our study is important to increase awareness of the effectiveness of BTX injections in patients with chronic disorders.Copyright © 2023 Annals of Movement Disorders.
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Introduction and aim. With the third wave of COVID-19 hitting the country, there is an urgent need to systematically document the clinical-epidemiological and vaccination details of the patients to formulate evidence-based decisions. So, this study was planned to describe the profile of patients attending the flu clinic of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Material and methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was done for 6 weeks (Jan-Feb 2022) among 623 patients using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire related to COVID-19. An unadjusted odds ratio was calculated and statistical significance was attributed to a p-value <0.05. Results. Out of 623 patients, almost 90% of the patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 with at least one dose of any vaccine. Cough (57.8%) was the most common complaint. Patients aged > 60 years and those having one or more than one comorbidity suffered from moderate-severe COVID-19 infection when compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). Also, 2.1% of fully vaccinated, 3.8% of one dose vaccinated and 10.9% of unvaccinated patients suffered from moderate-severe COVID-19. Conclusion. During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a smaller number of elderlies compared to the previous two waves were affected indicating age shifting. The severity of COVID-19 was less among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated highlighting the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. © 2022 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, , Department of Linguistics. All rights reserved.
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COVID 19 is constantly changing properties because of its contagious as an urgent global challenge, and there are no vaccines or effective drugs. Smart model used to measure and prevent the spread of COVID 19 continues to provide health care services is an urgent need. Previous methods to identify severe symptoms of coronavirus in the early stages, but they have failed to predict the symptoms of coronavirus in an accurate way and also take more time. To overcome these issues the effective severe coronavirus symptoms techniques are proposed. Initially, Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based classification and Linear Discriminant Genetic Algorithm used feature selection, mutation, and cross-analysis of features of coronary symptoms. These methods are used to select optimized features and selected features, and then classified by neural network. This Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier selects features based on the correlation between features that reduce irrelevant features involved in the identification process of coronary symptoms. Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based on each function, helping to maximize the correlation between the prediction accuracy of coronavirus symptoms. For this reason, it has always been recommended in an effort to increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics to use machine learning to design different classification models. © 2023 IEEE.
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Plants store a variety of important secondary metabolites with pharmacognostic and pharmacological implications, some of which have the potential to become super medicines in the future. In-vivo generation of these metabolites is influenced bya number of biotic and abiotic factors resulting in a constant accumulation of various phytochemicals and their derivatives that could be relevant in future medication research and development. There are over 70,000 plant species are employed ethnomedicinally in various ancient medical systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, as well as in Allopathy. The goal of this study is to look into the therapeutic potential of secondary metabolites as well as the probable pharmacological and pharmacognostic significance of the under-explored/underutilized plant Hyptissuaveolens (L.) Poit.Almost all parts of this plant are being employed in conventional drug to treat various diseases. It has been reported that it shows protection against peptic ulcer diseases and has anti-cancerous properties. The leaves of Hyptissuaveolenssecreted essential oil by hydrodistillation have been linked to the genus Hyptis' broad range of biological activity. It contains phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, minerals (like calcium, magnesium, sodium) and metals (like zinc and iron). The ursolic acid found in H. suaveolens can be used as a COVID-19 virus treatment agent. In addition, the ethnobotanical study claims that the beneficial plant has neuroprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, insecticidal, antimitotic, anti-proliferative, antisecretory, hepatoprotective, and acaricidal properties. The phytochemicals and extracts obtained from the plant have a great deal of therapeutic promise. As a result, we can use this plant for a variety of purposes.
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The demand for ophthalmic diagnosis and monitoring equipment is high due to day-by-day increasing eye-related diseases. These diseases are growing very fast due to changes in lifestyle, the aging crowd, and chronic diseases. During COVID-19, old ophthalmic diagnostic devices failed to fulfill the patients' needs due to social distancing and took more diagnosis time, making patients uncomfortable and unsatisfied to visit the clinic. Seeing all these problems during the COVID-19 time, patients are demanding personalized healthcare services and clinical home services to protect themselves from the COVID-19 virus attack. To fulfill the mass personalized needs and easily accesses clinical services from the patient's home, there is a requirement to embrace Industry 5.0 with its emerging digital technologies. The current work is based on the theoretical view of Industry 5.0 in ophthalmology and its supporting digital technology, various models and challenges faced by the healthcare system in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic time, limitations of the study, and its future scope, digital metrology, and strength, limitation, opportunities, and threat analysis in brief. © 2023, Metrology Society of India.
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Background: Many central and peripheral nervous system complications, following COVID-19 vaccination, have been described. We report an unusual case of central demyelinating disorder, following the administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 (COVISHIELDTM) vaccine. Case-report: The 28-year female developed sudden onset headache followed by weakness of the left upper and lower limbs, and gait ataxia. Neurological symptoms developed two weeks after administration of the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 (COVISHIELDTM) vaccine. Magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions involving bilateral subcortical white matter, splenium of the corpus callosum, and both cerebellar hemispheres. Few lesions showed blooming on gradient echo sequence suggestive of a hemorrhagic component. Post-contrast T1 images showed mild enhancement of demyelinating lesions. The patient was treated intravenously with methylprednisolone. After 12 weeks of follow-up, there was a substantial improvement in her symptoms. She became independent in all her activities of daily living. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, this is an unusual case of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 (COVISHIELDTM) vaccination.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)
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Immunity plays a fundamental role in the maintenance and protection of the human body from infectious and pathogenic microorganisms. It requires regular intake of nutrients for proper functioning of the immune system. Due to an unbalanced lifestyle and consumption of ready-to-eat foods, immunity is being affected negatively. Inflammation and immunity are influenced by diet and nutrition. Simple sugars, trans fats, refined carbs, and processed meat, among other meals, may induce inflammation while simultaneously counteracting the anti-inflammatory benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. As a result, unhealthy food intake may enhance systemic inflammation in individuals, boosting the generation of IL-6. Dietary nutrition is a well-known aspect of immune system maintenance, with the significance of micronutrients prominently featured in a variety of scientific literary works. Currently, global population is susceptible viral infection such as COVID-19. This viral strain is directly attacking the immunity of the individual and bringing it at risk. When a patient's immune system isn't operating correctly, COVID-19 is thought to raise the harshness of the infection or make it more vulnerable to contagious diseases. This review paper will help in understanding the immune responses mechanism along with diet balance and maintaining the sufficiency of vitamins and minerals to fight against COVID-19 infection.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)
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Measurement of e-commerce usability based on static quantities variable is state-of-the-art because of the adoption of sequential tracing of the next phase in the categorical data. An offline static model is trained. A static model is trained offline. In other words, we train the model once and then use it for a set period of time. The global COVID-19 outbreak has completely disrupted society and drastically altered daily life. The concept refers to an electronic commerce network that appears with thorough, understandable conviction, demand, and rapid confirmation as a replacement for the economic market’s "brick-and-mortar" model, which replaces how we do everything, including business strategy, and provides a better understanding with the interpretation of e-commerce features. This study was supervised to analyses usability assessments using statistical methods, as well as security assessments using online e-commerce security scanner tools, in order to investigate e-business standards that take into account the caliber of e-services in e-commerce websites across Asian nations. The method was developed to optimize complex systems based on multiple criteria. The initial (supplied) weights are used to determine the compromise ranking list and compromise solution. This paper examines the usability of e-commerce in rural areas using a new data set from the Jharkhand region. On the e-commerce websites of Jharkhand, India, usability is commonly considered in conjunction with learnability, memorability, effectiveness, engagement, efficiency, and completeness. Using a user-oriented questionnaire testing method, this survey attempts to close the gaps mentioned above. Then, across each column, divide each value by the column-wise sum that is created using their corresponding value, whichever produces a new matrix B. Finally, determine the row-wise sum of matrix B that represents the (3 X 1) matrix. Using model trees and bagging, this study addresses classification-related issues. This regression technique is useful for problems involving classification. The model is trained using secondary data from the MBTI 16 personality factors affecting personality category. Author
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We investigate the dispersal of droplet nuclei inside a canonical room of size 10×10×3.2m3 with a four-way cassette air-conditioning unit placed at the center of the ceiling. We use Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations with three flow rates corresponding to air changes per hour (ACH) values of 2.5, 5, and 10. The room setup as well as the operating conditions are chosen to match those of a recent high-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) study. We use statistical overloading with a total of one million droplet nuclei being initially distributed randomly with uniform probability within the room. Six nuclei sizes are considered ranging in radius from 0.1 to 10μm (166,667 nuclei per size). The simulations are one-way coupled and employ the Langevin equations to model sub-grid motion. The flow and particle statistics are compared against the reference LES simulations, and we find that the RANS k−ɛ realizable model may be used as a computationally cheaper alternative to LES for predicting pathogen concentration in confined spaces albeit, with potentially increased statistical discrepancy. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led an implementation of institutional infection control protocols. This study will determine the effects of these protocols on outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods: Uninterrupted time series analysis of the impact of COVID-19 safety protocols on AIS patients undergoing EVT. We analyze data from prospectively collected quality improvement databases at 9 centers from March 11, 2019 to March 10, 2021. The primary outcome is 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS). The secondary outcomes are angiographic time metrics. Results: Preliminary analysis of one stroke center included 214 EVT patients (n=144 pre-pandemic). Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two periods. Time metrics "last seen normal to puncture” (305.7 vs 407.2 min;p=0.05) and "hospital arrival to puncture” (80.4 vs 121.2 min;p=0.04) were significantly longer during pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. We found no significant difference in 90-day mRS (2.0 vs 2.2;p=0.506) or successful EVT rate (89.6% vs 90%;p=0.93). Conclusions: Our results indicate an increase in key time metrics of EVT in AIS during the pandemic, likely related to infection control measures. Despite the delays, we found no difference in clinical outcomes between the two periods.
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With the global death toll nearing 3.3 million, India being amongst the top 4 countries, the condition is more than fearsome. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends one doctor per 1000 population ratio, but India lags it by one doctor to 1456 people, which sets a lot of pressure on the healthcare system. Traditional remedies are becoming increasingly popular in India as a re-sult of the lack of a proper medical system. Due to the rich diversity of medicinal herbs and drugs, India has been managing health issues with its 5000 years old medication system. Amidst all this, the traditional medicine system has given relief to plenty of diseases and remains the primary de-fence system against COVID-19. Therefore, COVID-19 is also managed by its different medicinal systems, which are collectively known as the AYUSH regime. It had been a recognized system to tackle diseases in the past. In this mini-review, we performed a deep study of the Indian traditional medicine system in managing the COVID-19 situation.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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The current study focuses on the numerous duties of "Academic Learning Centres” within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Novel Corona Virus pandemic has created new problems for all stakeholders inside the education system. Given the extrinsic obstacles of delivering services during a public health crisis, the unexpected emergence of the virus pushed libraries to migrate to digital platforms whenever possible and deliver acceptable remote services to users. The purpose of this study is to discover how technology became an impediment for India's best educational institutes during the Covid-19 situation. The current article assists library professionals in improving their skill set in accordance with things and serving information as a responsible citizen of the country. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) has been described as "the thief that steals motherhood" by depriving women of the anticipated joy of a new infant. Through this study, we intend to see the incidence, treatment rates (TR), relative-treatment rate (TRR), absolute treatment rate (ATR), and number needed to treat (NNT) pre- and post-COVID-19 on treatment of women with PPD. Method(s): This retrospective cohort study included newly diagnosed patients with PPD in 2019 (1st Jan - 31st Dec [pre-pandemic]) and 2020 (1st Jan - 31st Dec [pandemic]) using ICD-10-CM codes from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart. Only the patients having continuous eligibility between 12 months before (baseline period) to 12-months post (follow-up period) the first diagnosis of PPD (index date) were included in study. During the follow-up period, patients were then checked for pharmacological treatment received (SSRI, SNRI's and other anti-depressants) using NDC codes. To measure effects, percentages of patients getting treatment, TRR (TR in pandemic/TR in pre-pandemic), ATR (TR in pre-pandemic - TR in a pandemic), and NNT (1/ATR) were calculated before and during COVID. The significance of categorical variables was examined using the Chi-square test. Result(s): We observed 39% increase in incidence of PPD patients during pandemic (n=16,095) vs pre-pandemic (n=11,565). Only 51% TR (risk ratio) was observed during pandemic vs 60% TR (risk ratio) in pre-pandemic with any SSRI, SNRI, and anti-depressants (p<.01). Compared to patients receiving treatment during pandemic vs pre-pandemic: TRR was found to be 85% (relative risk) and ATR was 9% (absolute risk reduction). The NNT comparing pre- and during pandemic was 11. Conclusion(s): The results of the study demonstrated that treatment of women with PPD was impacted during pandemic vs pre-pandemic (9% women did not receive treatment during pandemic). Alternative methods or non-pharmacological treatments may be required to further alleviate non-treated patients and improve their condition. Copyright © 2022
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Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with PTSD and the burden of resource utilization in the pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with PTSD between 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020 using ICD-10-CM codes from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart database. In the study duration, distinct patients were identified and further classified by age, gender, and location of service. To determine the influence in pre- and during COVID-19 for each of the stratification variables, a year-wise comparison was done. Chi-square was performed as test of significance for categorical variables. Result(s): Overall we observed the number of PTSD patients increased by 7% (n=206,741) during the pandemic (1st January 2020 - 31st December 2020) vs pre-pandemic (1st January 2019 - 31st December 2019). A significant increase was seen across all age groups (p<.05). In the case of teenagers, PTSD was found to have increased by 22% whereas in adults and the elderly an 8% and 3% increase was seen respectively. When broken down by gender, a significant increase was observed. Females (+9% [n=143,032]) were seen to have been affected more compared to males (+4% [n=63,625]) during the pandemic vs pre-pandemic. In healthcare resources utilization overall, there was an observed 24% increase. For both inpatients and office, PTSD decreased significantly (-3% and -4% respectively) (p<.05);while ER visits, increased only by 1% (p<.05). A significant increase in outpatient and telehealth services was observed (122% and 454% respectively) (p<.05). Conclusion(s): An increased exacerbation in PTSD was observed during the pandemic with respect to burden across various stratification and resource utilization;especially in outpatient and telehealth services. Better treatment, psychotherapy and alternative care programs may be required to curb this impact and decrease the overall burden across various care setting. Copyright © 2022
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Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with SSA and the burden of resource utilization in the pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with SSA between 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020 using ICD-10-CM codes from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart. In the study duration, distinct patients were identified and further classified by age, gender, and location of service. To determine the influence in pre- and during COVID-19 for each of the stratification variables, a year-wise comparison was done. Chi-square test was performed to check the significance of categorical variables. Result(s): Overall we observed the number of SSA patients increased by 2% (n=266,329) during the pandemic (1st January 2020 - 31st December 2020). A significant increase was seen across all age groups (p<.01). In the case of teenagers, SSA was found to have increased by 80% whereas in adults and elderly an 15% and 8% increase was seen respectively during pandemic (p<.01). When stratified by gender, a significant increase was observed only in females (+9% [n=174,647]) where in males (-3% [n=91,573]) decrease was observed during pandemic. In healthcare resources utilization overall, there was an observed 12% increase during pandemic. For inpatients, office, and outpatient, SSA decreased significantly (-4%, -8%, and -1% respectively) during pandemic (p<.01). A significant increase in outpatient and telehealth services was observed (34% and 1,299% respectively) (p<.01). Conclusion(s): An increased exacerbation in SSA was observed during the pandemic with telehealth and outpatient services being impacted the highest. This may be attributed to facing near-death scenarios, and the loss of loved ones amongst other factors. With the increase in cases, health care resource utilization across various settings is pressed. Better treatment and programs may be required to curb this impact and decrease the overall burden. Copyright © 2022
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Objectives: This study examines use of telemedicine services and health outcomes in patients with hypertension (HTN) in pre- and post-COVID 19 periods in the US. Method(s): A retrospective analysis, using Optum de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset, was done among hypertensive patients on Medicare plans in three different time periods: 1st Jan 2018 - 30th June 2018, 1st Jan - 30th June 2019, and 1st Jan - 30th June 2020 (first two time periods are pre-COVID 19 and the last one is post-COVID 19). The date of first EHR with mention of HTN diagnosis was considered index date. Study participants were categorized into those who used only telemedicine services (Telemedicine group);only other places of service like outpatient, inpatient, or office (Other POS group);and those who used both telemedicine and other places of service (Both POS groups). Patients were followed for 6-months post-index to determine use of anti-HTN medications, resource utilization, and healthcare outcomes. Result(s): Fewer than 100 patients in each study period belonged to Telemedicine group. Majority (55%) patients in 2018 (pre-COVID 19) belonged to Other POS group, but in 2020 (post-COVID 19) majority (61%) patients belonged to Both POS group. About 70% patients in each of three groups were prescribed anti-HTN drugs and adherence was >90%. About ~60% patients in Telemedicine group had 2-6 healthcare encounters while ~80% in Other POS group and ~95% in Both POS groups had >6 healthcare encounters during follow-up period. Significantly more patients in Both POS groups received anti-HTN nutritional counseling as compared to other two groups. Also, blood pressure was controlled in significantly higher percentage of patients in Both POS groups as compared to other two groups. Conclusion(s): Patients who use telemedicine and other places of service are more likely to receive anti-HTN nutritional counseling and have better blood pressure control. Copyright © 2022
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The aim of this study is to understand the effects of covid-19 on docile relationships and mental health. The pandemic was an unacceptable development in people's lives throughout the globe. The pandemic had a major impact on the social behavior of the people. This study explores the social relationship and mental health domain of individuals and how it changed after the pandemic. The impact of being isolated from the world. And social interactions will also be explored in this paper. The study shows that the world will never be the same after the pandemic and that the lockdown has changed people emotionally and mentally. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this paper is to show concisely how we can promote chatbots in the medical sector and cure infectious diseases. We can create awareness through the users and the users can get proper medical solutions to prevent disease. We created a preliminary training model and a study report to improve human interaction in databases in 2021. Through natural language processing, we describe the human behaviors and characteristics of the chatbot. In this paper, we propose an AI Chatbot interaction and prediction model using a deep feedforward multilayer perceptron. Our analysis discovered a gap in knowledge about theoretical guidelines and practical recommendations for creating AI chatbots for lifestyle improvement programs. A brief comparison of our proposed model concerning the time complexity and accuracy of testing is also discussed in this paper. In our work, the loss is a minimum of 0.1232 and the highest accuracy is 94.32%. This study describes the functionalities and possible applications of medical chatbots and explores the accompanying challenges posed by the use of these emerging technologies during such health crises mainly posed by pandemics. We believe that our findings will help researchers get a better understanding of the layout and applications of these revolutionary technologies, which will be required for continuous improvement in medical chatbot functionality and will be useful in avoiding COVID-19.
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In the recent decade OTT platforms, also known as "Over the top," have seen a tremendous rise in the number of consumers and also gained a huge market share in the entertainment industry. The OTT service most users probably interact with regularly is video OTT. Services like Netflix and Disney+ Hotstar are video OTT services that provide users with a number of programming options, both in terms of a licensed library of TV shows and films and original programming. The study's objective is to carry out a detailed study of OTT (over-the-top) platforms, and how and why OTT platforms are rising in India. This study also investigates OTT platforms at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that recent years have witnessed several films emerging as pan-India hits, and the rise of alternative platforms has only widened the opportunities for actors and filmmakers. This study concludes that there is no competition between theatres and digital platforms filmmakers must up their game. OTT has resulted in more opportunities and redefined viewership patterns. Films and other mediums will thrive together because the same actors and makers are exploring different platforms. Copyright © 2023 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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There are lots of social media tools that are accessible for medical or healthcare professionals, which include different social networking blogs, microblogs, media-sharing sites, wikis, virtual reality. All these different media tools can be utilized to develop or improve specialized networking and organiza tional promotion, education, patient education, patient care, and different public health agendas. But they also can perpetuate the risks to patients and healthcare professionals regarding the circulation of low-quality information, violate the patient privacy, and also have legal issues. To prevent all these risks, professional organizations and healthcare institutions have introduced a few guidelines. These guidelines were established to deliver emergency medicine residency programs control with leadership and best perform in the suitable practice and guidelines of social media but are valid to all residency programs that desire to create a social media presence. In this chapter, the authors describe how socialmedia made their impact on this pandemic COVID-19 situation. Copyright © 2023 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.